1. How would you define:
- commodity
- use-value
- value
- exchange-value
- abstract labour, or average social labour?
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2. Why is average social labour the substance of value? What arguments against this theory do you know, and how would you answer them?
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3. Can you think of any useful things which are products of human labour but not commodities?
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4. What is 'the twofold nature of the labour embodied in commodities'? Why do you think Marx believed that this was 'the pivot on which a clear comprehension of political economy turns'?
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